Location: 160-326
Time: Tuesday and Friday 3:45-5:30 PM (starting July 6)
Course description: Languages vary according to how many adpositions they have and how they are used. That is about all that everyone who has worked on adpositions agrees on; the category P has been characterized as lexical, functional, or some mix of the two; it has been analyzed as essentially verbal, essentially nominal, and as everything in between; it has been inserted by transformation and it has been decomposed into myriad subcategories. I show how adpositions provide a valuable window into the degree and nature of cross-linguistic variation. For instance, so-called 'local' cases with meanings like 'into' and 'out of' are functionally equivalent to adpositions; how does this functional equivalence translate structurally? That is, what is the difference between a language with an adposition meaning 'into' and one with a case meaning 'into'? Such questions and their answers shed much light on the nature of universal grammar.
| Date | Topic | Suggested Readings |
|---|---|---|
| July 6 | Cross-linguistic variation in the inventory, content, and distribution of adpositions: How much is there really? Is “P” a universal category? If so, what are its properties? |
Svenonius, Peter. In press. Adpositions, Particles, and the Arguments they Introduce. In Argument Structure, edited by Eric Reuland, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Giorgos Spathas, 71-110. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. Pre-publication draft available at LingBuzz (click on paper title) |
| July 10 | Content and compositionality in P systems: Figure versus Ground, Path versus Place, other conceptual primitives (if that's what they are) and how they are expressed |
Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Figure and Ground in Language. Chapter 5 in Leonard Talmy, Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. I, pp. 311-344. MIT Press, Cambridge, Ma. (Revised version of Talmy 1978 "Figure and Ground in complex sentences") Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Lexicalization patterns. Chapter 1 in Leonard Talmy, Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. II, pp. 21-146. MIT Press, Cambridge, Ma. (Revised version of Talmy 1985 "Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms") van Riemsdijk, Henk, and Riny Huybregts. 2002. Location and Locality. In Progress in Grammar, ed. by Marc van Oostendorp and Elena Anagnostopoulou, 1-23. Meertens Institute, Amsterdam. |
| July 13 | The Emergence of Axial Parts: Many languages make use of relational words to express spatial notions, with meanings like ‘top,’ ‘front,’ ‘back,’ and ‘side.’ How are these related to P? |
Svenonius, Peter. 2006. The Emergence of Axial Parts. Nordlyd: Tromsø Working Papers in Language and Linguistics 33.1:49-77. Other papers in Nordlyd: Tromsø Working Papers in Language and Linguistics 33.1, Special Issue on Adpositions, edited by Peter Svenonius and Marina Pantcheva. |
| July 17 | Spatial P in English: A detailed investigation into one language, with special reference to ‘particles’ like up, down, in, out, on, off |
Svenonius, Peter. To appear. Spatial P in English. In Cartography of Linguistic Structures, vol. 6, edited by Guglielmo Cinque and Luigi Rizzi. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Available from LingBuzz (click on paper title). |
| July 20 | The interpretation of Path: Path is a higher-order notion, based on Place. Natural language expressions of Path place the Path morpheme outside the Place morpheme, as if Path dominates Place hierarchically in a structural representatation. This could be the beginning of a theory of the functional sequence |
Zwarts, Joost. 2005. Prepositional aspect and the algebra of paths. Linguistics and Philosophy 28:739-779. Fong, Vivienne. 1997. The Order of Things: What Directional Locatives Denote. PhD dissertation, Stanford University. |
| July 24 | Talmy’s Generalization: Some languages express path notions together with the verb, while others express path notions in ‘satellites’ of the verb. |
Folli, Raffaella, and Gillian Ramchand. 2005. Prepositions and Results in Italian and English: An analysis from Event decomposition. In Perspectives on Aspect, ed. by Henk J. Verkuyl, Henriette de Swart, and Angeliek van Hout, pp. 81-105. Springer, Dordrecht. Folli, Raffaella, and Heidi Harley. 2006. On the licensing of causatives of directed motion: Waltzing Matilda all over. Studia Linguistica 60.2:121-155. (you must be on campus or subscribe to SL to use the link) Son, Minjeong. 2006. Directed Motion and Non-Predicative Path P. Nordlyd: Tromsø Working Papers in Language and Linguistics 33.2: 176-199 (Special issue on Adpositions edited by Peter Svenonius) |
| July 27 | Conclusion: What does cross-linguistic variation in adpositional systems show us about cross-linguistic variation more generally? |