E-101 Review, Part II; 14.11.00 See KEY

This is the second part of a two-part review. The intention is for you to complete it as an exam, to test your knowledge. It builds on the first part. Numerals in parentheses refer to example sentences. Numerals not in parentheses refer to exercises. Exercises and examples from Part I will be prefixed with a Roman numeral one.

1. Summarize the PSRs you have up to this point (from points I.3, I.7, and I.11).

2. Now consider the sentences in (3-8). What assumptions must be made in order to generate these sentences from the PSRs in 1? Add additional PSRs if necessary.

(3) These pumpkins are not ready.

(4) The farmers are growing very large pumpkins.

(5) The pumpkins have grown quite large.

(6) Max might not have purchased a pumpkin.

(7) The pumpkin did not cost very much.

(8) The pumpkin might have been sitting in the hot car for several hours.

3. Draw a tree for (4) (repeated below).

(4) The farmers are growing very large pumpkins

4. Explain whether anything you have said so far accounts for the continuations of sentence (9) in (10-11). If not, say what might be introduced to explain them (e.g. a PSR or some other kind of rule; be explicit).

(9) The pumpkins might have been sitting there, ...

(10) ...and the squash might have been, too.

(11) ...and the squash might have, too.

(12) ...and the squash might, too.

5. Does your system generate the sentence in (13)? Explain.

(13) Very large pumpkins are being grown by these farmers.

6. State a passive rule. You may refer to the sentences given here, if you wish, or you may introduce your own examples ((4) and (13) are repeated from above, for your convenience). (% means a certain percentage of speakers accept such sentences).

(4) These farmers are growing very large pumpkins.

(13) Very large pumpkins are being grown by these farmers.

(14) Very large pumpkins are being grown.

(15) The bank robber placed the gun on the counter.

(16) The gun was placed on the counter.

(17) * The counter was placed the gun on.

(18) Edna handed Ted a note.

(19) Ted was handed a note by Edna.

(20) % A note was handed Ted by Edna.

(21) Ned was still growing the last time I saw him.

(22) * The last time I saw him was still being grown by Ned.

7. Do your rules so far account for the following sentences? If not, explain what is needed. Draw a tree for (24) (repeated below).

(23) It appeared that Felix had purchased the noodles.

(24) Felix appears to have purchased the noodles.

(25) * It appeared Felix to have purchased the noodles.

(26) It appeared that there was a party upstairs.

(27) There appeared to be a party upstairs.

(28) It appeared that the fat was in the fire.

(29) The fat appeared to be in the fire.

(30) The noodles appear to have been purchased by Felix.

(24) Felix appears to have purchased the noodles.

8. Repeat the exercise for the verb plan, which shows the following pattern:

(31) We planned that Felix would purchase the noodles.

(32) Felix planned to purchase the noodles.

(33) * We planned Felix to purchase the noodles.

(34) We planned that there would be a party upstairs.

(35) * There planned to be a party upstairs.

(36) We planned that the fat would be in the fire.

(37) * The fat planned to be in the fire.

(38) * The noodles planned to be purchased by Felix.